LESSON 4
GRAMMAR
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
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�not�
��ͷ��¤ӡ���Ҫ��� (auxiliary verbs) �������ö���͡��
3 �Ըա�� �ѧ���仹��
1.
����������� �not� �����ٻ��� �n�t�
��ͷ��¤ӡ���Ҫ��� (auxiliary verbs)
�����
������ҧ
We
are leaving. We
are not / aren�t leaving.
�ǡ��ҡ��ѧ���͡� �ǡ��ҡ��ѧ������͡�
He
can swim. He
cannot / can�t swim.
������ö���¹���� ���������ö���¹����
They have finished their work. They
have not / haven�t finished their work.
�ǡ�ҷӧҹ�������� �ǡ���ѧ�ӧҹ�������
I
may go to the party. I
may not / mayn�t go to the party.
�ԩѹ�Ҩ��仧ҹ����§ �ԩѹ�Ҩ�����仧ҹ����§
I am very hungry. I
am not / I�m not very hungry.
������ҡ ���������ҡ
2. ������ҧ����¤����ʸ�Ѻ����¤����ա������
��ͧ�ӡ���Ҫ��� �do� ����Ѻ
�not� �����ٻ��� �n�t�
������ҧ
The
students like the new rules. The
students do not / don�t like the new rules.
�ǡ�ѡ���¹�ͺ������º����� �ǡ�ѡ���¹���ͺ������º�����
Justin feels well today. Justin
does not / doesn�t feel well today.
��ʵԹ����֡���ҡ��ѹ��� ��ʵԹ����֡���������ѹ���
Bill signed up for the picnic. Bill
did not / didn�t sign up for the picnic.
���ŧ����任Ԥ�Ԥ ��������ŧ����任Ԥ�Ԥ
3. ��һ���¤����դӡ�����ҡ����
2 �� ������
�not� �����ٻ��� �n�t� �����¤ӡ���Ҫ��¤��á
������ҧ
Victor
has been working here. Victor
has not / hasn�t been working here.
�Ԥ����ӧҹ�������� (���ҧ������ͧ) �Ԥ���������ӧҹ�������� (���ҧ������ͧ)
They may have gone home. They
may not / mayn�t have gone home.
�ǡ���Ҩ�С�Ѻ��ҹ����ǡ���
�ǡ���Ҩ���ѧ������Ѻ仺�ҹ��¡���
I�ll be seeing
Marin tomorrow. I will not / won�t be seeing Marin tomorrow.
�����ѧ��仾�����Թ��ѹ���觹�� �����ѧ�����仾�����Թ��ѹ���觹��
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Answer the
questions with negative statements.
1. Jack: Have you seen
Maria yet?
Fred: �������������������������������.
2. Rick: I like your
new bag. Did you buy it from that
department store?
Ben:
�������������������������������..
3. Sarah: Could you
give me a hand to move this sofa?
Jane: I�m sorry. I�������������������������..�
4. Mrs. Peach: Will
the school bus arrive at 0800 this morning?
Mrs. Marks: I�m not sure. It ����������������������
5. Kirk: I�m looking
for my car key. Have you seen it?
Helen: No, I
����������������������������
6. Janet: Excuse me. Do you
know where the library is?
Luis: No, I�m
sorry. I
�������������������������...
7. Mr. Chang: Has Ian been studying Chemistry I in Lab 2?
Lin: No, ������������������������������..
8. Shirley: Can you speak Thai and Japanese?
Sam: I can speak
Thai but I �����������������������
9. Nana: Will the children have been playing in the playground?
Bob: I think
������������������������������
10. Gavin: Did you go on the tour to Phuket?
Richard: I had a lot of work to complete, so I �����������������
SUFFIX_LIKE
������ SUFFIX_LIKE ��ѧ�ӹ�� �ըش���ʧ�����ͷ����ӹ������繤Ӥس�Ѿ��
���դ������������ǡѺ, ���ѡɳФ���� ���� ������͹
������ҧ
It�s
hot today. I can�t believe we have these summerlike days.
�ҡ����͹�ҡ��ѹ���
�������ҡ��������Ҿǡ��Ҩ����ѹ��������͹�ѹ�Ĵ���͹Ẻ������
I ate his dessert that
tasted sweet and was cakelike.
�ѹ�ҹ�����ҹ�ͧ��
���������ҹ������ѡɳФ���¢����
EXERCISE 2
Direction: Read the
following sentences carefully and circle the correct words.
1.
Sarah�s daughter is
pretty and (lady, ladylike).
2.
George does the kinds
of things for you that a (brother, brotherlike) could
do.
3.
Jim likes many kinds
of dessert. He just tasted a (cake,
cakelike) dessert.
4.
As we ran along the
road, we saw a (cat, catlike) animal slept on bench.
5.
There is a new
material that is similar to (plastic, plasticelike)
which can do his job better.
6.
I think Steve is a
great artist because the scenes that his paints look like real (life,
lifelike).
7.
James is looking for a
new apartment that has a (home, homelike) atmosphere.
8.
I just heard a (bell,
bell-like) sound that annoyed me.
9.
Kathy likes sweet
coffee. She prefers to add more
(sugar, sugarlike) in her coffee.
10.
My daughter is looking
at the dancer whose dance is (cat, catlike) movements.
PARTICIPIAL PHRASES AS SENTENCE MODIFIERS
Participial Phrase ���� phrase
����鹵鹴��� Present Participle ���� Past Participle ���㹺����¹���
����੾�С�÷�˹�ҷ����»���¤��ѡ ����Ǥ�� ��˹�ҷ������͹ Adverbial
Clause ����ͧ
������ҧ Jim
hurt his arm, while he was playing tennis.
Jim
hurt his arm, (while) playing tennis.
������Ѻ�Ҵ�纷��ᢹ 㹢�з����ѧ���෹���
I
felt asleep while I was listening to the radio.
I
felt asleep, (while) listening to the radio.
������֡��ǧ�͹
㹢�з����ѧ�ѧ�Է��
After
we had found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
Having
found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
������龺�ç������ѡ����
�ǡ��ҡ����ʶҹ�������Ѻ�ҹ����ä��
Because
Jack is unemployed, he hasn�t got much money.
Being
unemployed, Jack hasn�t got much money.
���ͧ��������էҹ��
�����Թ����ҡ�ѡ
EXERCISE 3
Direction: Reduce the
adverbial clause to a participial phrase and complete the sentence.
1. Because he was
busy, George didn�t go to his sister�s birthday party.
��������������������������������������
2. Andy injured his
knee, while he was doing gymnastics.
��������������������������������������
3. After Nick finished
his job, he went home immediately.
��������������������������������������
4. Because I felt very
tired, I went to bed earlier.
��������������������������������������
5. After Simon had
repaired his car, he took it out for a road test.
�������������������������������������..
6. We can�t go to the
concert because we don�t have tickets.
�������������������������������������..
7. While the Clarks
were attending college, they worked full time as waiters.
�������������������������������������.
8. Because I don�t
have enough money, I can�t buy that computer.
�������������������������������������.
9. While my supervisor
was checking my report, she discovered an error.
�������������������������������������.
10. I couldn�t call
you last night because I didn�t have your telephone number.
�������������������������������������.
VOCABULARY
- encircle (v.) =
to surround; to form a circle round
=
�����ͺ��ǧ ,
��ǧ�����ͺ
- variable (adj.) =
changeable: varying
= ����¹�ŧ��, ��褧���
- frequency (n.) = rate of
occurrence or repetition of something
= �������
- radiate (v.) =
to emit or send out
= ���Ш��, ���ѧ��
- radiation (n.) =
movement of light, heat, etc. in the form of rays
= ������ѧ��
- cable (n.) =
thick wire or robe made of fiber or wire used for tying up ships
= �������
- scatter (v.) =
to spread out; throw something in different directions
= ��Ш��, ���, ���ҹ
- echo (n.) =
a reflected sound wave
= ���§��ͧ�з�͹��Ѻ
- deflect (v.) =
to bend or turn aside; turn from its direction of movement
= �ѡ��, �������
- scope
(n.) =
screen of radar set; range or extent
= ���Ҿ�ô���, �ͺࢵ
- blip (n.) =
spot of light on radar screen
= 信�о�Ժ
- cycle
(n.) =
regularly repeating occurrence
= ����Դ��ǧ�ͺ
- terminate (v.) = to
end
= ��, ŧ���
- plot (v.) =
to make a secret plan
= �ҧἹ
- amplifier
(n.) =
electric device that increases strength of signal
= ����ͧ����
- amplify (v.) =
to increase strength
= ����
- bearing (n.) =
direction in degrees as measured from a known position
= �����
- grid
(n.) =
network of squares on a map
= ���ҧ�Ἱ���
- minute
(adj.) =
small in size or amount
= ��Ҵ���
- horizon
(n.) =
the line at which the earth and sky appear to meet
= �ͺ���
- cliff
(n.) =
a high, steep, surface of rock at the end of the sea
= ˹�Ҽ�
- beacon
(n.) =
guiding or warning signals
= ��Ñ�ҳ���ʹ��, ������
-distort (v.) =
make something look or sound unnatural
= �Դ��͹, �����Դ�ٻ�
- blurry
(adj.) =
not clear
= ���, ����
- obsolete
(adj.) =
out of date; no longer used
= ������, ��ԡ������
- moderate (adj.) = average in amount
= �������, ����ع�ç
- enclose (v.) =
to close in all around
= �����ͺ
VOCABULARY EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Match the
first part of the sentence in column A with the second part in Column B.
Column A Column
B
��.. 1. A blip is a.
planning it or drawing it on a chart.
��.. 2. Beacons send
signals b.
steep surfaces of rock, ice, or earth.
��.. 3. Plotting a
course or path means c.
to concentrate on it.
��.. 4. The horizon is d.
sound waves that bounce back.
��.. 5. A scope is e.
to end it.
��.. 6. An amplifier f.
a thick rope or cord.
��.. 7. The frequency
of something is g.
the line where the earth and sky seem to meet.
��.. 8. To terminate a
conversation means h.
a bright spot on a radar screen.
��.. 9. Cliffs are i. a radar screen.
��.. 10. To focus on a radar
screen means j. how often it
happens in a certain period of time.
��.. 11. Echoes are k.
makes sounds louder.
��.. 12. A cable is l.
used for warning or guidance.
ANSWER KEY
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Answer the
questions with negative statements.
1. Jack: Have you seen
Maria yet?
Fred: No, I haven�t seen
her yet.
2. Rick: I like your
new bag. Did you buy it from that
department store?
Ben: No, I didn�t buy it
from that department store.
3. Sarah: Could you
give me a hand to move this sofa?
Jane: I�m sorry. I couldn�t give you a hand to move this
sofa.
4. Mrs. Peach: Will
the school bus arrive at 0800 this morning?
Mrs. Marks: I�m not sure. It won�t / may not arrive at 0800.
5. Kirk: I�m looking for my car key. Have you seen it?
Helen: No, I haven�t seen it.
6. Janet: Excuse me. Do you
know where the library is?
Luis: No, I�m
sorry. I don�t know where it
is.
7. Mr. Chang: Has Ian been studying Chemistry I in Lab 2?
Lin: No, he hasn�t been studying Chemistry I in Lab 2.
8. Shirley: Can you speak Thai and Japanese?
Sam: I can speak Thai
but I cannot speak Japanese.
9. Nana: Will the children have been playing in the playground?
Bob: I think they won�t have been playing in the playground.
10. Gavin: Did you go on the tour to Phuket?
Richard: I had a lot of work to complete, so I didn�t go on the tour to Phuket.
EXERCISE 2
Direction: Read the
following sentences carefully and circle the correct words.
1.
Sarah�s daughter is
pretty and (lady, ladylike).
2.
George does the kinds
of things for you that a (brother, brotherlike)
could do.
3.
Jim likes many kinds
of dessert. He just tasted a (cake,
cakelike ) dessert.
4.
As we ran along the
road, we saw a (cat, catlike) animal slept on bench.
5.
There is a new
material that is similar to (plastic, plasticelike)
which can do his job better.
6.
I think Steve is a
great artist because the scenes that he paints look like real (life,
lifelike).
7.
James is looking for a
new apartment that has a (home, homelike) atmosphere.
8.
I just heard a (bell, bell-like)
sound that annoyed me.
9.
Kathy likes sweet
coffee. She prefers to add more (sugar, sugarlike)
in her coffee.
10.
My daughter is looking
at the dancer whose dance is (cat, catlike) movements.
EXERCISE 3
Direction: Reduce the
adverbial clause to a participial phrase and complete the sentence.
1. Because he was
busy, George didn�t go to his sister�s birthday party.
Being busy, George didn�t
go to his sister�s birthday party.
2. Andy injured his
knee, while he was doing gymnastics.
Andy injured his knee,
(while) doing gymnastics.
3. After Nick finished
his job, he went home immediately.
Finishing his job, he went
home immediately.
4. Because I felt very
tired, I went to bed earlier.
Feeling tired, I went to
bed earlier.
5. After Simon had
repaired his car, he took it out for a road test.
Having repaired his car,
Simon took it out for a road test.
6. We can�t go to the
concert because we don�t have tickets.
Not having tickets, we can�t
go to the concert.
7. While the Clarks
were attending college, they worked full time as waiters.
Attending college, the
Clarks worked full time as waiters.
8. Because I don�t
have enough money, I can�t buy that computer.
Not having enough money, I
can�t buy that computer.
9. While my supervisor
was checking my report, she discovered an error.
Checking my report, my
supervisor discovered an error.
10. I couldn�t call
you last night because I didn�t have your telephone number.
I, not having your telephone
number, couldn�t call you last night.
VOCABULARY EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Match the
first part of the sentence in column A with the second part in Column B.
Column A Column
B
�h�.. 1. A blip
is a.
planning it or drawing it on a chart.
�l�.. 2. Beacons send
signals b.
steep surfaces of rock, ice, or earth.
�a�.. 3.
Plotting a course or path means c.
to concentrate on it.
�g�.. 4. The horizon is d.
sound waves that bounce back.
�i�.. 5. A scope is e.
to end it.
�k�.. 6. An amplifier f.
a thick rope or cord.
�j�.. 7. The frequency of
something is g.
the line where the earth and sky seem to meet.
�e�.. 8. To terminate a
conversation means h.
a bright spot on a radar screen.
�b�.. 9. Cliffs are i. a radar screen.
�c�.. 10. To focus on a radar screen means j. how often it happens in a certain period of
time.
�d�.. 11. Echoes are k.
makes sounds louder.
�f�.. 12. A cable is l.
used for warning or guidance.